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The action of taking a banned substance to improve performance in sport is referred to as doping. The term dope originated from South Africa where it was used to describe a primitive alcoholic drink that was used as a stimulant at ceremonial dances. Over time the term doping graduated to a sporting context where it is referred to as athletes using a banned substance or methods that may improve sporting performance. The term doping first appeared in an English dictionary in 1879 Joonas Donskoi Jersey , however drugs in sport have been evident throughout the history of sport.

BC Period
Sport played a large role in society in BC times. Around the period of 800BC emphasis was placed on the artistic nature of sport on top of being a preparatory method for the warriors of that time. However from 400BC sport received a new status whereby it was of similar priority, if not higher than it is in modern times, therefore seeing the demise of the amateur competitor. Professional sport ultimately led to corruption and cheating, with competitors willing to invest in any preparation which would lead to victory. In this period a method that was thought to lead to a higher level of sporting performance was consuming extracts of mushrooms and plant seeds.

Period
Through evolution from the BC Greek period to the Roman Empire period, the status of sport continued to develop. The use of drugs in this period was well recorded, chariot racers feed their horses a potent mixture to make them run faster, while many gladiators where doped up to make their fights sufficiently vigorous and bloody for the paying public to view.

Christian Period
During the Christian era sport played a small role in society with only sports such as boxing being offered as a substitute for the games of the Roman period. Seeing as sport did not have a high place in society in this period, drugs in sport was not an issue as there were no rewards for success.

The 19th Century
The 19th century once again saw the introduction of sport in society as a social priority, therefore drugs in sport became more evident in this period as opposed to the Christian era. With the onset of the industrial revolution in the late 19th century there became increasing methods in both the development of sport and sports performance enhancement. By the turn of the century sport had developed a significant institution in its own right and to succeed in sport became highly valued. This placed pressure which has contributed to the escalation in drug taking in sport, as well as the number of drug related deaths in the sporting community.

Modern Times
In 1988 in Australia the national Senate Standing Committee on Environment, Recreation and the Arts began an inquiry into the use of drugs by Australian athletes. This enquiry led to the establishment of the Australian Drug Sports Agency (ASDA) in 1990.
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ACTOR George Clooney and his humanitarian lawyer wife, Amal Clooney, have donated US$1 million to the Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC), a U.S. non-profit that monitors extremists and domestic hate groups, in response to protests in Charlottesville, Virginia earlier this month.


An Aug. 12 rally in the town organized by neo-Nazis and other white supremacists led to counter-protests and the death of a woman when a car plowed into the crowd. The street battles triggered a political crisis for President Donald Trump, who praised “very fine people” on both sides of the fight.


The donation comes from the Clooney Foundation for Justice, which the couple established in 2016 to promote justice in classrooms and courtrooms around the world.


Since the violence in Charlottesville the Anti-Defamation League (ADL) — one of the oldest anti-discrimination organizations fighting anti-Semitism in the United States — has seen its donations spike sharply.


James Murdoch, chief executive of 21st Century Fox, recently announced he was giving US$1 million to that group.


Donations like that one, as well as those from corporations like Apple, Uber and MGM Resorts yielded a rise of “1,000 percent” last week, according to ADL spokeswoman Betsaida Alcantara, compared to the weekly average donations since the beginning of the year.

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SRINAGAR, Indian-controlled Kashmir, Nov. 7 (Xinhua) -- A youth was killed Saturday after Indian police and paramilitary fired on protesters during clashes in Indian-controlled Kashmir, soon after Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi ended his visit to the restive region, police said.


The clashes broke out at Zainakote locality of Srinagar city, the summer capital of Indian-controlled Kashmir, after dozens of young protesters clashed with police defying restrictions to disallow separatist called "million march".


"Today an unruly mob pelted stones on police and paramilitary Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) deployments in Zainakote area of Srinagar city. The deployed personnel used tear smoke shells to disperse the stone pelting mob," a police spokesman said. "In this action one person namely Gowhar Ahmad Dar was wounded, following which, he was shifted to hospital where he unfortunately succumbed."